AP Euro History Basic Vocabulary Definitions

Ethnicity: the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has common national or cultural tradition.
System of Alliances: a group of nations/ people that worked together to achieve a common goal.
Chronological: one after the other
Nation: a large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture or language inhabiting a particular country or territory.
Commerce: includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural, and technological systems that are in operation in any country.
Common wealth: a partnership of country for the common good.
Hierarchy: a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.
State: A nation or territory considered as an organized community under one government.
Gender: The state of being a male or female.
Cartography: the science or practice of drawing maps.
Sovereignty: Supreme power or authority.
Modernity: The quality or condition of being modern.
Communism: Karl Marx's theory where everyone is consider "equal" (politically, socially, and economically).
Intellectual: A person possessively an highly developed intellect.
Revolution: overthrow of the government replacing it with a new system. Example:# French revolution
Nation-State: A sovereign state whose citizens or subject are relatively homogenous in factors such as language or common descent
Renaissance: The rebirth of classical culture (Roman and Greek) that occurred in Italy between 1350 and 1550.
Mercantilism: an economic theory that held a nations prosperity depended on its supply of gold and silver and that the total volume of trade is unchangeable; it's adherence therefore advocate that the government play an active role together to achieve a common goal.
Philosopher: A person engaged or learned in philosophy.
Indigenous: Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place.
Balance of Power: A situation in which nations of the world have power
Militarism: the belief of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability
Constitution: a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which state or other organization is knowledge to be governed.
Autocracy: System of government by one person with one power.
Nationalism:when the occupants of a country or nation who strongly believe in their country
Fundamentalism: the demand for strict adherence to orthodox theological doctrines.
Conscription: Enlistment for state service typically into the armed forces
Social anxieties: is a discomfort or a fear when a person is in social interactions that involve a concern about being judged or evaluated by others.
Diplomat: an official representing a country abroad. Example: queen of England, and prime minister.
Faction: A small organized descending group within a large one.
Imperialism is the manual take over of land and nations by one nation or land
Protestant Reformation: A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman catholic church and resulted in the creation of the Protestant churches.
Surplus: the extra amount of any good. An excessive amount of anything.
Cultural Determinism: is the belief that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are at emotional and behavioral levels.
Historiography: the study of historians who write history
Cultural Diffusion: cultural anthropology and cultural geography in the items spread through cultures
Due Process: A fair treatment through the normal judicial system.
Deficit: the amount by which something is too small.
Geographic Determinism: the theory tat the human habits and characteristics of a particular culture is shaped by geography.
Modernization: modern appearance and behavior
Ideology:a political philosophy such as conservationism or liberalism
Inflation A generation increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money
Afrocentrism: African P.O.V of the world.
Sinocentrism: Asian P.O.V of the world.
Export: to trade with other countries, with goods that you produce.
Divine right: The doctrine that monarchs derive their right to rule directly from God and are accountable only to God.
Import: bringing goods from other countries into your own.
Ethnocentrism: Belief in the superiority of an ethnic group
Masculinity: Qualities of a man.
Revisionism: reinterpretation of what orthodox views on evidence motivations on decision making processes surrounding historical events
Despot:a ruler or other person who holds absolute power, typically one who exercises it in a cruel or oppressive way.
Nonalignment: Not allied with any other nation to be neutral.
Coup d'etat: a sudden, violent and illegal seizure of the power from a government.
Femininity: Qualities of a woman.
Dictatorship: a form of government in which
Eurocentrism: Belief in the preeminence of Europe and the Europeans
Human Rights: Natural born rights.
Feudalism: The dominant social system in Medieval Europe.
Machiavellian:cunning,scheming,and unscrupulous,especially in politics or in advancing one's career.
Mandate: a system established after a world war one where by a nation officially administered a territory (mandate) on behalf of the league of nations.
Interdependence: A reciprocal relation between interdependent entitles
Papal Authority: a doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church that the pope has universal power over the whole church
Tyrant: A cruel And oppressive ruler.
Anthropology: The study of human kind, in particular
Socialism: an ideology that calls for collective or government ownership of the means of production and the distribution of goods.
Totalitarianism: dictatorship, centralized control by an autocratic authority.
Liberal: a political philosophy that has ideas of liberty and equality
Manorialism: an agricultural estate operated by a lord and worked by peasants who performed labor services and paid various rents and fees to the lord in exchange for protection and sustenance.
Monopoly: A board game in which players engage in simulated property and financial dealings using imitation money
Treaty: A formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries.
Violation: a breach or infringement, as of a law or promise.
Civilization: the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced
Absolute Monarchy: is a monarchism form of government in which the monarch exercises ultimate governing authority.
Monopoly: The Exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service
Hegemony: leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others.
Conservative: a political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditional social institutions
Archaeology:The study of human history through artifacts and other physical remains.
Social: of or relating to society or it's organization.
Economic: justified in terms of profitability, relating to economics or the economy
Culture:The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regards collections.
Social Darwinism : natural selection that only "the fittest" would survive in a society
Dictatorship: a form of government in which a government is ruled by an individual
Patriarchal:Of,relating to, or characteristics of a patriarch.
Fifth column: a group within a country at war who are sympathetic to or working for its enemies.
Genocide: the elimination by death to an entire race
Matriarchal: Characteristic of a matriarchy.
Absolute monarchy: is a monarchical form of government in which the monarch exercises ultimate governing authority as head of state and head of government; his or her powers are limited by a constitution or by the law.
Anarchy: a society without a publicly enforce government
Political spectrum: is a way of modeling different political positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axis
Secular: the absence of religion in government or society.
Left (political): an outlook of specific position that accepts or supports social equalities.
Absolutism: a form of government in which the sovereign power or ultimate authority rested in the hands of a monarch who claimed to rule by divine right and was therefore responsible only to God.
Right (political): describes a specific position that accept social inequalities.
Dynasty: a ruling family
Republic: a representative government
Center (political): a political outlook or specific position that involves acceptance or support of a balance
Isolationism: a foreign policy in which a nation refrains from making alliances or engaging actively in international affairs
Moderate: a person who holds neutral views in politics
Marxism: the political, economic, and social theories of Karl Marx, which included the idea that history is the story of class struggle and that ultimately the proletariat will overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a dictatorship and rule to a classes society