Imperialism - Tokugawa Shogunate - Revision history

Admin at 12:38, 10 September 2023

2023-09-10T12:38:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:38, 10 September 2023
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	<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Source: Asia for Educators, Columbia University \| http://afe.easia.columbia.edu</span>		<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Source: Asia for Educators, Columbia University \| http://afe.easia.columbia.edu</span>

	~~<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''Questions:'''</span>~~

	<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >1. What group holds the political and social/cultural power during the Tokugawa Shogunate period from 1600-1868?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >2. What did the Tokugawa Shogunate accomplish in 1600 at the beginning of their rule?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >3. What religion was restricted in Japan by the Tokugawa Shogunate, and why?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >4. What imperial countries were trading with Japan before the Tokugawa Shogunate?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >5. What does the Tokugawa Shogunate do with foreign trade?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >6. What does the Act of Seclusion (1636) accomplish?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >7. What are the many changes that occur in Japan under the rule of the Tokugawa Seclusion?</span>
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	<center>[[Image:previous.jpg\|75px\|link=Imperialism in Japan]]</center>		<center>[[Image:previous.jpg\|75px\|link=Imperialism in Japan]]</center>

Admin at 03:34, 22 July 2023

2023-07-22T03:34:59Z

Admin at 21:31, 21 July 2023

2023-07-21T21:31:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:31, 21 July 2023
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Admin: Created page with "NOTOC center| == Brief History of the Tokugawa Shogunate == 400px| * Japan in the 1500s is locked in a century of decentralized power and incessant warfare among competing feudal lords, a period known as the "Sengoku," or "Country at War" (1467-1573). These are the final years of Japan's medieval period (1185-1600) just prior to the reunification of Japan and the establishment of order and peac..."

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__NOTOC__
[[file:imperialismbanner.jpg|500px|center|]]
== Brief History of the Tokugawa Shogunate ==
[[file:tokugawashogunate.jpg|right|400px|]]
* Japan in the 1500s is locked in a century of decentralized power and incessant warfare among competing feudal lords, a period known as the "Sengoku," or "Country at War" (1467-1573). These are the final years of Japan's medieval period (1185-1600) just prior to the reunification of Japan and the establishment of order and peace under the Tokugawa shoguns (1600-1868). Within this context of feudal civil war of the 1500s, Japanese pirates are active in the trade along the China coast — an alternative to the official relations between China and Japan where trading privileges are awarded to the Japanese in return for tribute acknowledging the ascendancy of the Chinese emperor. Castles are built by medieval lords (daimyo) for defense throughout the period of civil war and their size increases following the introduction of firearms into Japan by the Portuguese in 1543.
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*In 1543 the Portuguese traders reach Japan (are actually shipwrecked there) and are soon followed by the Jesuit missionary order (established in 1540) in the person of St. Francis Xavier who arrives in Japan in 1549. The Jesuits work among the daimyo of the samurai class and are initially well received by leading daimyo, including Nobunaga and Hideyoshi, two daimyo crucial to the reunification of Japan by 1600. (The name for the Japanese dish "tempura," batter-fried fish and vegetables, is apparently derived from the Portuguese word "temporas" for "meatless Friday," a Catholic tradition.)
----
*The reunification of Japan is accomplished by three strong daimyo who succeed each other: Oda Nobunaga (1543-1582), Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598), and finally Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616) who establishes the Tokugawa Shogunate, that governs for more than 250 years, following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.
----
*The reunification of Japan under the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1600 brings with it an emphasis on the reestablishment of order — in social, political, and international relations — following a century of civil war and turmoil. Aware of the political and religious domination of the Philippines since the Spanish colonized the country in 1565, the Japanese political leaders are suspicious of the Dominican and Franciscan missionaries that arrive in Japan from the Philippines and work among the non-samurai classes. The Japanese daimyo move to curtail missionary activity beginning in the 1590s. In 1606, the new Shogun, Tokugawa Ieyasu, proscribes Christianity (just at a time the Jesuits are being received at the imperial court in China), and by 1614 a concerted effort to end all Christian practice is underway. (There are an estimated 300,000 Christians in Japan at this time.)
----
*Within a century of the arrival of the Portuguese in Japan in 1543, they are followed by the Dutch and British who have battled to break the Portuguese and then Spanish control of the Asian spice trade. The East India companies established by the Dutch and British, respectively, become active in the early 1600s; the Dutch (1609) and the British (1613) establish trading relations with the Japanese with bases on a Japanese island.
----
*In an effort to reestablish order in its international relations, however, the Tokugawa Shogunate prohibits trade with Western nations, prohibits Japanese from going abroad to trade (ending the unofficial piracy and trade on the China coast), and reaffirms Japan's official relations with China and Korea within the East Asian international structure. Following the "Act of Seclusion" (1636) setting forth these conditions, Japan is effectively "secluded" from interchange with Western Europe (but not with East Asia) for the next 200 years. Only the Dutch retain a small outpost on an island in Nagasaki Harbor; books obtained from the Dutch are translated into Japanese and "Dutch learning" forms the basis of the Japanese knowledge of developments in the West throughout this period. Within East Asia, trade continues with the Koreans and Chinese, and exchange of goods and ideas with China is maintained. The East Asian political order, with China at the center, is reinforced.
----
* Under the rule of the Tokugawa shoguns (1600-1868), Japan enjoys a 250-year period of peace and order.
* Dramatic changes take place within this ordered society, however, particularly those of commercial development, the rise of a merchant class, the growth of cities and of a new urban culture.
*The prolonged period of peace fosters great economic and social changes in Japanese society, culture, and the economy, setting the stage for rapid modernization in the subsequent Meiji period.
*This Tokugawa period is viewed as Japan's "pre-modern" period and is important to historians as they attempt to define what is "modernization" in many contexts.
----
*The literature of the period gives voice to the culture of the new urban population, the "townsmen".
*The haiku form is perfected in this period by Bashô (1644-1694) from the linked verse written by townsmen in the new urban culture of the period.
----
Source: Asia for Educators, Columbia University | http://afe.easia.columbia.edu

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← Older revision		Revision as of 23:34, 21 July 2023
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	== Brief History of the Tokugawa Shogunate ==		== Brief History of the Tokugawa Shogunate ==
	[[file:tokugawashogunate.jpg\|right\|400px\|]]		[[file:tokugawashogunate.jpg\|right\|400px\|]]
	* Japan in the 1500s is locked in a century of decentralized power and incessant warfare among competing feudal lords, a period known as the "Sengoku," or "Country at War" (1467-1573). These are the final years of Japan's medieval period (1185-1600) just prior to the reunification of Japan and the establishment of order and peace under the Tokugawa shoguns (1600-1868). Within this context of feudal civil war of the 1500s, Japanese pirates are active in the trade along the China coast — an alternative to the official relations between China and Japan where trading privileges are awarded to the Japanese in return for tribute acknowledging the ascendancy of the Chinese emperor. Castles are built by medieval lords (daimyo) for defense throughout the period of civil war and their size increases following the introduction of firearms into Japan by the Portuguese in 1543.		* <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Japan in the 1500s is locked in a century of decentralized power and incessant warfare among competing feudal lords, a period known as the "Sengoku," or "Country at War" (1467-1573). These are the final years of Japan's medieval period (1185-1600) just prior to the reunification of Japan and the establishment of order and peace under the Tokugawa shoguns (1600-1868). Within this context of feudal civil war of the 1500s, Japanese pirates are active in the trade along the China coast — an alternative to the official relations between China and Japan where trading privileges are awarded to the Japanese in return for tribute acknowledging the ascendancy of the Chinese emperor. Castles are built by medieval lords (daimyo) for defense throughout the period of civil war and their size increases following the introduction of firearms into Japan by the Portuguese in 1543.</span>
	----		----
	*In 1543 the Portuguese traders reach Japan (are actually shipwrecked there) and are soon followed by the Jesuit missionary order (established in 1540) in the person of St. Francis Xavier who arrives in Japan in 1549. The Jesuits work among the daimyo of the samurai class and are initially well received by leading daimyo, including Nobunaga and Hideyoshi, two daimyo crucial to the reunification of Japan by 1600. (The name for the Japanese dish "tempura," batter-fried fish and vegetables, is apparently derived from the Portuguese word "temporas" for "meatless Friday," a Catholic tradition.)		*<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >In 1543 the Portuguese traders reach Japan (are actually shipwrecked there) and are soon followed by the Jesuit missionary order (established in 1540) in the person of St. Francis Xavier who arrives in Japan in 1549. The Jesuits work among the daimyo of the samurai class and are initially well received by leading daimyo, including Nobunaga and Hideyoshi, two daimyo crucial to the reunification of Japan by 1600. (The name for the Japanese dish "tempura," batter-fried fish and vegetables, is apparently derived from the Portuguese word "temporas" for "meatless Friday," a Catholic tradition.)</span>
	----		----
	*The reunification of Japan is accomplished by three strong daimyo who succeed each other: Oda Nobunaga (1543-1582), Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598), and finally Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616) who establishes the Tokugawa Shogunate, that governs for more than 250 years, following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.		*<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The reunification of Japan is accomplished by three strong daimyo who succeed each other: Oda Nobunaga (1543-1582), Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598), and finally Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616) who establishes the Tokugawa Shogunate, that governs for more than 250 years, following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.</span>
	----		----
	*The reunification of Japan under the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1600 brings with it an emphasis on the reestablishment of order — in social, political, and international relations — following a century of civil war and turmoil. Aware of the political and religious domination of the Philippines since the Spanish colonized the country in 1565, the Japanese political leaders are suspicious of the Dominican and Franciscan missionaries that arrive in Japan from the Philippines and work among the non-samurai classes. The Japanese daimyo move to curtail missionary activity beginning in the 1590s. In 1606, the new Shogun, Tokugawa Ieyasu, proscribes Christianity (just at a time the Jesuits are being received at the imperial court in China), and by 1614 a concerted effort to end all Christian practice is underway. (There are an estimated 300,000 Christians in Japan at this time.)		*<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The reunification of Japan under the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1600 brings with it an emphasis on the reestablishment of order — in social, political, and international relations — following a century of civil war and turmoil. Aware of the political and religious domination of the Philippines since the Spanish colonized the country in 1565, the Japanese political leaders are suspicious of the Dominican and Franciscan missionaries that arrive in Japan from the Philippines and work among the non-samurai classes. The Japanese daimyo move to curtail missionary activity beginning in the 1590s. In 1606, the new Shogun, Tokugawa Ieyasu, proscribes Christianity (just at a time the Jesuits are being received at the imperial court in China), and by 1614 a concerted effort to end all Christian practice is underway. (There are an estimated 300,000 Christians in Japan at this time.)</span>
	----		----
	*Within a century of the arrival of the Portuguese in Japan in 1543, they are followed by the Dutch and British who have battled to break the Portuguese and then Spanish control of the Asian spice trade. The East India companies established by the Dutch and British, respectively, become active in the early 1600s; the Dutch (1609) and the British (1613) establish trading relations with the Japanese with bases on a Japanese island.		*<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Within a century of the arrival of the Portuguese in Japan in 1543, they are followed by the Dutch and British who have battled to break the Portuguese and then Spanish control of the Asian spice trade. The East India companies established by the Dutch and British, respectively, become active in the early 1600s; the Dutch (1609) and the British (1613) establish trading relations with the Japanese with bases on a Japanese island.</span>
	----		----
	*In an effort to reestablish order in its international relations, however, the Tokugawa Shogunate prohibits trade with Western nations, prohibits Japanese from going abroad to trade (ending the unofficial piracy and trade on the China coast), and reaffirms Japan's official relations with China and Korea within the East Asian international structure. Following the "Act of Seclusion" (1636) setting forth these conditions, Japan is effectively "secluded" from interchange with Western Europe (but not with East Asia) for the next 200 years. Only the Dutch retain a small outpost on an island in Nagasaki Harbor; books obtained from the Dutch are translated into Japanese and "Dutch learning" forms the basis of the Japanese knowledge of developments in the West throughout this period. Within East Asia, trade continues with the Koreans and Chinese, and exchange of goods and ideas with China is maintained. The East Asian political order, with China at the center, is reinforced.		*<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >In an effort to reestablish order in its international relations, however, the Tokugawa Shogunate prohibits trade with Western nations, prohibits Japanese from going abroad to trade (ending the unofficial piracy and trade on the China coast), and reaffirms Japan's official relations with China and Korea within the East Asian international structure. Following the "Act of Seclusion" (1636) setting forth these conditions, Japan is effectively "secluded" from interchange with Western Europe (but not with East Asia) for the next 200 years. Only the Dutch retain a small outpost on an island in Nagasaki Harbor; books obtained from the Dutch are translated into Japanese and "Dutch learning" forms the basis of the Japanese knowledge of developments in the West throughout this period. Within East Asia, trade continues with the Koreans and Chinese, and exchange of goods and ideas with China is maintained. The East Asian political order, with China at the center, is reinforced.</span>
	----		----
	* Under the rule of the Tokugawa shoguns (1600-1868), Japan enjoys a 250-year period of peace and order.		* <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Under the rule of the Tokugawa shoguns (1600-1868), Japan enjoys a 250-year period of peace and order.</span>
	* Dramatic changes take place within this ordered society, however, particularly those of commercial development, the rise of a merchant class, the growth of cities and of a new urban culture.		* <span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Dramatic changes take place within this ordered society, however, particularly those of commercial development, the rise of a merchant class, the growth of cities and of a new urban culture.</span>
	*The prolonged period of peace fosters great economic and social changes in Japanese society, culture, and the economy, setting the stage for rapid modernization in the subsequent Meiji period.		*<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The prolonged period of peace fosters great economic and social changes in Japanese society, culture, and the economy, setting the stage for rapid modernization in the subsequent Meiji period.</span>
	*This Tokugawa period is viewed as Japan's "pre-modern" period and is important to historians as they attempt to define what is "modernization" in many contexts.		*<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >This Tokugawa period is viewed as Japan's "pre-modern" period and is important to historians as they attempt to define what is "modernization" in many contexts.</span>
	----		----
	*The literature of the period gives voice to the culture of the new urban population, the "townsmen".		*<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The literature of the period gives voice to the culture of the new urban population, the "townsmen".</span>
	*The haiku form is perfected in this period by Bashô (1644-1694) from the linked verse written by townsmen in the new urban culture of the period.		*<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >The haiku form is perfected in this period by Bashô (1644-1694) from the linked verse written by townsmen in the new urban culture of the period.</span>
	----		----
	Source: Asia for Educators, Columbia University \| http://afe.easia.columbia.edu		<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >Source: Asia for Educators, Columbia University \| http://afe.easia.columbia.edu</span>

			<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >'''Questions:'''</span>

			<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >1. What group holds the political and social/cultural power during the Tokugawa Shogunate period from 1600-1868?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >2. What did the Tokugawa Shogunate accomplish in 1600 at the beginning of their rule?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >3. What religion was restricted in Japan by the Tokugawa Shogunate, and why?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >4. What imperial countries were trading with Japan before the Tokugawa Shogunate?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >5. What does the Tokugawa Shogunate do with foreign trade?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >6. What does the Act of Seclusion (1636) accomplish?</span><br><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: georgia, palatino;" >7. What are the many changes that occur in Japan under the rule of the Tokugawa Seclusion?</span>
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	<center>[[Image:previous.jpg\|75px\|link=Imperialism in Japan]]~~</center>~~</center>		<center>[[Image:previous.jpg\|75px\|link=Imperialism in Japan]]</center>